Cavemen carved numbers on bones.
Sumerian sexagesimal number system was for finances, with positional notation but with no zero. They had ordinal numbers, cardinal numbers, odd and even numbers, addition, subtraction, and simple fractions. They also used lines, circles, and angles.
Egyptian mathematicians used hieroglyphs to represent 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, and 100000.
Harappans decimal system was for weights and lengths.
Babylonian mathematicians calculated multiplication tables for number squares, cubes, and square roots, using sexagesimal number system with positional notation.
It had nine symbols for numerals 1 through 9, but zeroes were empty spaces.
Manipulating objects can add and subtract.
The word abacus comes from Indo-European root for sand.
Manipulating red and black counting rods can add and subtract.
It has decimal logarithms.
He lived 200 to 284 and studied number theory, algebra symbols, and determinate and indeterminate equations.
He lived 476 to 550, used positional notation, found circle chord lengths, and calculated sine tables.
He lived 505 to 587 and used positional notation.
Manuscript is about arithmetic and algebra.
He lived 598 to 668 and used decimal number system, negative numbers, and zero. He invented Brahmagupta's theorem.
He lived 800 to 870 and used zero, positional notation, decimal system, and negative, irrational, and rational numbers.
He lived 1170 to 1250 and invented Fibonacci numbers and studied number theory.
He lived 1548 to 1620. He invented decimal numbers and fractions, and so real numbers [1585].
He lived 1550 to 1617, used decimal point [1594], and studied logarithms.
He lived 1616 to 1703, studied cryptography, and invented expressions for pi [1655].
He lived 1638 to 1675 and invented expressions for pi [1671].
He lived 1667 to 1754 and invented DeMoivre's theorem [1722].
He lived 1690 to 1764. All even integers greater than 2 are sums of two primes {Goldbach's hypothesis, Goldbach} [1742].
He lived 1745 to 1818 and placed complex numbers on a plane with two perpendicular coordinates.
He lived 1768 to 1822 and placed complex numbers on a plane with two perpendicular coordinates.
She lived 1776 to 1831 and studied number theory and elasticity [1816]. For integers x, y, and z, if x^5 + y^5 = z^5, then x, y, or z must be divisible by 5 [1820] {Germain's theorem}.
He lived 1809 to 1877 and invented hypercomplex numbers {Grassmann variable}. Hypernumbers can represent tensors, quaternions, matrices, determinants, and all number types. Grassmann variables anti-commute: m . n = - n . m. He studied calculus of extension. Perhaps, space-time has extra, Grassmann dimensions to allow supersymmetry and supergravity.
He lived 1788 to 1856 and belonged to school of intuition. He invented quaternions and Cayley-Hamilton theorem. He studied non-commutative algebras. His student was H.L. Mansel. People can know the finite, but people know the rest by faith, based on Kant.
He lived 1831 to 1916 and studied fields, algebraic numbers, and irrational numbers.
He lived 1884 to 1937 and defined number.
He lived 1937 to ? and invented an axiomatic number system, constructing counting numbers, and so all numbers, using rules for right and left. He invented Game of Life [1970], based on cellular automata.
He lived 1947 to ? and proved that no general algorithm can decide if Diophantine-equation systems have integer solutions, based on work by Julia Robertson, Martin Davis, and Hilary Putnam.
Aleph is symbol for infinity levels.
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225